Method of synthesizing 2,6-dinitro benzyl compounds

ABSTRACT

Described is a method of preparing dinitrobis(hydroxymethyl)benzene, useful as a photoreactive monomer, from a derivative of stilbene. Also disclosed is a novel dinitrocarbomethoxybenzaldehyde compound useful as an intermediate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to synthesis of photoactive monomersuseful for making positive acting photoresists, and to intermediatesproduced by the synthesis having additional utilities.

Photoreactive polymers are useful as binder resins in photoresistcompositions employed in photodevelopment of dectronic components suchas circuit boards and other products. Circuit boards are manufactured ina number of processing steps which rely on the use of photoreactivecoatings (or photoresists) photochemically produce a difference insolubility between the photoexposed areas and the unexposed areas. Ingeneral, two classes of photoresist exist: positive acting resists andnegative acting resists. A positive acting resist becomes more solublein a developer solution when exposed to actinic radiation, and anegative acting resist becomes less soluble in a developer solution whenexposed to actinic radiation. For many applications a positive actingresist is preferred. An object of the present invention is to providenovel positive acting photoresists.

One situation in which positive acting resists are preferred is in thecase of circuit boards that have through holes that permit connection ofone board to an adjacent board in a stack. These through holes arecopper coated and must be protected from etchants. One method toaccomplish this is the use of an applied, preformed film which coversthe hole and protects the copper from etchants during processing. A morerecent development is the electrodeposition of photoresist, and thisapproach has significant advantages over applied film for coating thecopper in the holes with photoresist without plugging. An objective hasbeen to create a positive acting, electrodepositable photoresist whichcould coat the hole, protecting it from etchants, and then be removedfrom the hole more easily than negative photoresists. Negative actingresists have disadvantages for protecting through holes because of theinherent difficulties associated with removing a crosslinked materialfrom a small space such as a through hole. Furthermore, there isdifficulty in exposing negative photoresist material that is locatedwithin a bole in order to crosslink such a resist so that it can protectthe copper. With a positive photoresist, on the other hand, the holesneed not be exposed since the resist material in the holes does not needto become crosslinked in order to serve its purpose.

Diazo functional moieties such as quinonediazidesulfone derivativeshaving structures (1) and (2) in which R is typically chlorine (e.g.,sufonyl chloride) ##STR1## are well known as photoreactive groups foruse in positive acting photoresists. In the synthesis of these prior artcompounds, sulfonyl chloride having the structure (1) or (2) iscondensed with hydroxyl or amino functionalities attached to monomeric,oligomeric, or polymeric materials. The quinonediazidesulfonederivatives in such a photoresist function by photochemically generatingan intermediate ketene which reacts with water to form a carboxylicacid. Photoexposed areas contain salt-forming carboxylic acid groupswhich dissolve in basic developing solutions. Dissolution of unexposedarea in a basic developer is inhibited by the presence of the unreactedhydrophobic components (1) or (2). If water is not present the ketenewill react with other hydroxyl groups to form undesirable esters whichare not subject to solubilization by a developer. Since thephotoreaction mechanism requires the presence of water to work well, aburden is imposed on the user to process the circuit boards undercarefully controlled conditions so that the boards all undergo exactlythe same dehydration bakes and are handled in very carefully controlledhumidity conditions. It would be desirable to have available alternativechemistry for positive acting photoresists that would not entail suchprecautions.

Many of the prior art photosensitive groups for positive photoresistsinclude molecular groups that are hydrolytically sensitive, which limitsthe versatility of these groups for use in electrodepositableformulations, whether cationic or anionic. As reported in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,166,036; 4,975,351 and 5,134,054 the storage stability ofelectrodepositable photoresists based on diazo containing derivatives ofstructure (1) or (2) is poor. Examples of other hydrolytically unstablegroups include acetals, polyesters, t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) protectedcarboxylates or phenols, and sulfonate esters. When a cationic or ananionic dispersion is electrodeposited on a conductive substrate, a pHof 12 to 14 or 1 to 2, respectively, may be created at the interface ofthe coating and the substrate. It is well known that diazofunctionalities are sensitive to both high and low pH conditions andwill react to form undesirable reaction products. The other chemistriessuch as t-BOC protected groups, acetals, and esters are also subject tohydrolysis under certain conditions of high and low pH, especially underaqueous conditions. Furthermore, stability of the chemistry undercoating conditions and post-coating bake conditions is often givenlittle or no consideration in the prior art. After a substrate has beenelectrocoated it is usually necessary to bake the coating for asufficient time to allow for complete coalescence as well as evaporationof water and any volatile organic components. In the case ofheat-sensitive diazo functional materials, even short bake times at hightemperatures can decompose the diazo compounds. The use of long baketimes at lower temperatures severely reduces the processing speed for amanufacturer.

The irradiation of photoresist, in the case of circuit boardmanufacture, often occurs through a glass or plastic cover sheet.Radiation passing through such a cover sheet to reach the photoresist ispredominantly that having wavelengths greater than approximately 315nanometers. The principal wavelength used for irradiation ofphotoresists is the 365 nanometer wavelength of a mercury vaporultraviolet lamp. Therefore, a useful photoresist for printed circuitboard manufacture is preferably sensitive to radiation havingwavelengths greater than 315 nanometers, particularly to radiation inthe vicinity of 365 nanometers.

Some prior art approaches to electrodepositable, positive photoresistrely on photo-generated solubilizing groups which are pendant to themain polymer chain of the photoresist polymer. The theoretical maximumquantum efficiency (the number of reactions divided by the number ofphotons impinging on the photoresist) of such a system is one, i.e.,each photon entering the photoresist would ideally result in formationof a solubilizing group. However, the quantum efficiency is usually muchless than one. In order to overcome this limitation on quantumefficiency, systems have been developed which rely on photogeneratedcatalysts so that one photoreaction produces one catalyst which promotesmany other reactions. U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,984 uses photogenerated acidcatalysts generated by exposures of 800 millejoules per squarecentimeter, which is a relatively high exposure dosage. Higherphotosensitivity permitting lower exposure dosages would be desirable.Also, these prior art systems require a bake following photoexposure,which undesirably increases processing time. The use of a catalyst canalso hurt resolution by diffusion into the surrounding polymer andcausing reactions outside of the desired regions. Known photo generatedcatalysts include sulfonate esters of nitrobenzyl alcohol.

A wide variety of nitrobenzyl alcohol structures are theoreticallyencompassed by generic structures in Japanese Patent Applications63-146029, 03-131626, 03-141357, and 63-247749. These applicationsdisclose nitro-containing benzyl alcohol derivatives specifically foruse in applications employing short wavelength ultraviolet radiation inthe region of 248 nanometers. They fail to recognize the surprisinglyhigh photosensitivity at longer wavelengths (particularly 365nanometers) of certain dinitrobenzyl structures. Furthermore theabove-numerated Japanese applications are non-enabling as to a synthesisfor the particular dinitro structures of the present invention. Thenitrobenzyl alcohol synthesis disclosed in the Japanese publications forother species is not suitable for producing the dinitrobenzyl alcoholsof the present invention at practical yield levels. Furthermore, theseapplications fail to instruct the use of polymers derived from thismaterial in electrodepositable compositions.

Commonly owned, copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/274,614,titled "POSITIVE PHOTOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BASED ON 2,6-DINITRO BENZYLGROUPS" filed on even date herewith by Charles F. Kahle II, Neil D.McMurdie, Raphael O. Kollah, Daniel E. Rardon, and Gregory J. McCollurndiscloses positive acting photochemistry that yields a substantialimprovement in quantum efficiency resulting from the structure of2,6-dinitro benzyl groups having structure (3): ##STR2## The 2,6-dinitrosubstitution around a benzyl group is believed to enhancephotosensitivity. A polymer containing such a group undergoes chainscission of the backbone polymer to lower molecular weight fragmentsupon exposure to actinitic radiation. The photochemistry relies on thephotooxidation of the benzyl group by the nitro group. Eachphotoreaction causes at least two changes to the polymer containing the2,6-dinitro benzyl group--lower molecular weight and formation of a saltforming group--both of which enhance the sensitivity of the photoexposedmaterial to developer. These changes work in concert to give excellentphotosensitivities.

Polymers can be prepared from these dinitro diol compounds which arehydrolytically and thermally stable to the processing conditionsrequired for manufacture of circuit boards. Polymers prepared fromstructure (3), such as polyurethanes are known to be stable inelectrocoating baths, thus permitting electrodeposition of thesephotosensitive polymers. Polyesters have also been prepared with thedesirable dinitro diol groups.

Methods of synthesizing the photosensitive dinitro diols of structure(3) would be desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a method of synthesizing dinitro diol compoundsof structure (3) which are useful as monomers from which may bepolymerized positive acting photochemicals. The novel method ofsynthesis comprises:

(a) providing dinitro carbomethoxymethoxy stilbene;

(b) ozonolytically cleaving the product of (a) to formdinitrocarbomethoxybenzaldehyde;

(c) reduction of the product of (b) to dinitrocarboisopropoxybenzylalcohol;

(d) hydrolysis of the product of (c) to dinitrocarboxylbenzyl alcohol;and

(e) reduction of the product of (d) to dinitrobis(hydroxymethyl)benzene.

Another aspect of the invention is the dinitrocarbomethoxybenzaldehydeintermediate product of step (b) above having the structure: ##STR3##The dinitrocarbomethoxybenzaldehyde has utility for synthesizingphotoreactive polymers as well as other dinitro compounds.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The starting point of the method of the present invention is a stilbenederivative of structure (4) which may be prepared by the method ofHargreaves and McGookin in J. Chem Soc. Ind. 1950, 69, pages 186-191.Examples 1 and 2 illustrate the synthesis of the stilbene derivative(4). ##STR4##

EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of 3,5-Dinitro-p-methyltoluate

A mixture of 3,5-dinitro-p-toluic acid (497.53 grams), methyl alcohol(2200.0 grams), sulfuric acid (5.0 grams), and trimethylorthoformate(265.3 grams) was heated to reflux for 34 hours. Methyl alcohol (765.0grams) was distilled off of the reaction mixture and the mixture wasallowed to cool slowly to allow the product to precipitate. The mixturewas filtered to recover the crystalline product. After drying,crystalline 3,5-dinitro-p-methyltoluate (412.0 grams) was isolated in83% yield.

EXAMPLE 2 Synthesis of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carbomethoxy-4'-Methoxystilbene

A mixture of 3,5-dinitro-p-methyltoluate (120.08 grams) from Example 1,p-anisaldehyde (68.08 grams), activated basic alumina oxide (150 mesh,58 angstrom, 70.00 grams), and ethyl acetate (150.0 grams) was heated toreflux. Piperidine (15.3 grams) was added dropwise over 5 hours and thereaction held at reflux for another 6.5 hours. Upon cooling, a yellowcrystalline product precipitated and was isolated by filtration. Thecrude product was recrystallized once from concentrated ethyl acetate torecover 77.6 grams of bright yellow2,6-dinitro-4-carbomethoxy-4'-methoxystilbene (4). The product wascharacterized by NMR and had a melting point of 141.5 to 143° C.

EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carbomethoxybenzaldehyde byOzonolytic Cleavage of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carbomethoxy-4'-Methoxystilbene (4)

Stilbene derivative(4) from Example 2 (10.0 grams) was dissolved inethyl acetate (705 grams). A portion (200 milliliters) of the solutionwas added to a reactor and cooled to less than 5° C. A mixture ofapproximately 4% ozone in oxygen was bubbled through the solution untilthe solution turned from yellow to colorless, indicating the reactionhad gone to completion. The solution was sparged with nitrogen, and thereaction mixture was transferred to a mixture of 0.002% ferric chloridein acetic acid (1 gram), potassium iodide (46.48 grams) and deioinizedwater (300 grams) to quench the ozonide and hydroperoxide intermediates.This process was repeated until all the starting solution was consumed.This mixture was acidified with concentrated HCl (15.0 grams), spargedwith nitrogen and left to stir overnight in a closed jar. The solutionwas titrated with 0.5M aqueous Na₂ S₂ O₃ (97.2 milliliters) until theiodine color is discharged. The ethyl acetate layer was separated andwashed with a mixture of deionized water (100 grams), potassium iodide(5.0 grams), and concentrated hydrochloric acid (5.3 grams). The ethylacetate layer was separated and washed once with a solution ofdeioinized water and sodium thiosulfate followed by a final wash withbrine solution, separated, and dried with magnesium sulfate. Thesolution was filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo. Water (100gram) was added to the product mixture and stripped in vacuo to steamdistill away the p-anisaldehyde by-product. This was repeated twice moreto recover 6.2 grams of crude product. Recrystalization from an ethylacetate/heptane mixture produced 3.2 grams of product (melting point98°-100° C.). The proton and carbon-13 NMR conclusively identified theproduct as 2,6-dinitro-4-carboxymethylbenzaldehyde (5). ##STR5##

EXAMPLE 4 Reduction of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carbomethoxybenzaldehyde (5) to2,6-Dinitro-4-Carboisopropoxybenzyl Alcohol (6)

A mixture of anhydrous 2-propanol (250 grams), aluminum isopropoxide(4.9 grams), and 2,6-dinitro-4-carbomethoxybenzaldehyde (5) (5.6 grams)was heated to reflux for about 40 minutes until the starting materialwas completely converted (Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction) to productas determined by thin layer chromatography. The solution was cooled andtaken up with ethyl acetate (200 grams). The organic layer was washedwith saturated aqueous NaCl, separated, and dried over magnesiumsulfate. The organic layer is then filtered and stripped in vacuo torecover 5.2 grams of crystalline product with melting point of 105°-107°C. Proton and carbon NMR spectra were conclusive for2,6-dinitro-4-carboisopropoxybenzyl alcohol (6). ##STR6##

EXAMPLE 5 Hydroylsis of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carboisopropoxybenzyl Alcohol (6)TO 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carboxybenzyl Alcohol (7)

A solution of sodium hydroxide (0.48 grams) in deionized water (20.0grams) was added to a 2-propanol (20.0 grams) solution of2,6-dinitro-4-carboisopropoxybenzyl alcohol (6) (3.05 grams) at roomtemperature. The reaction was complete in less than an hour asdetermined by thin layer chromatography. Deionized water (25 grams) wasadded to the reaction mixture and then acidified with concentratedhydrochloric acid. The solution was extracted twice with ethyl acetate(50 grams). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo. The product was used withoutpurification in the next step as described in Example 6. ##STR7##

EXAMPLE 6 Borane Reduction of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carboxybenzyl Alcohol (7) to2,6-Dinitrobenzene-1,4-Dimethanol (8)

At room temperature 144 grams of a 1.0M borane solution intetrahydrofuran (THF) was added dropwise to a THF (50 grams) solution of2,6-dinitro-4-carboxybenzyl alcohol (7) (16.7 grams) from Example 5.Excess borane-THF solution was necessary to consume residual water. Oncethe carboxylate was completely reduced, as shown by an infraredspectrum, methyl alcohol (50 grams) was added to quench unreactedhydride. All the solvent was stripped in vacuo. Methyl alcohol (50grams) was added to the reaction product and stripped again. Thisprocess was repeated once more. An amorphous brown solid (13.5 grams)was isolated whose proton and carbon NMR spectra confirmed the productto be 2,6-dinitrobenzene-1,4-dimethanol (8). Light yellow crystals(melting point 124°-125.5° C.) were obtained after recrystalization fromwater. ##STR8##

Examples 7, 8, and 9 demonstrate alternative methods of convertingstilbene derivatives to the dinitro diol (8).

EXAMPLE 7 Synthesis of 3,5-Dinitro-p-hydroxymethyltoluene (9)

A solution of aluminum chloride (8.90 grams) in tetrahydrofuran (50.0grams) was carefully added at 25° C. to a suspension of sodiumborohydride (7.60 grams) in tetrahydrofuran (100.0 grams) and diglyme(50.0 grams) under a nitrogen atmosphere forming a milky whitesuspension. The temperature of the reaction was increased to 50° C., anda solution of 3,5-dinitro-p-toluic acid (22.60 grams) in tetrahydrofuran(110.0 grams) was added over 30 minutes via an addition funnel. Thereaction mixture was refluxed for 4 hours at which time the startingacid was converted to the alcohol as determined by thin-layerchromatography. Upon cooling to 25° C., the entire reaction mixture waspoured into a flask containing 2% hydrochloric acid (510 grams) whichwas placed in an ice bath. The contents were transferred to a separatoryfunnel and extracted with three 150-milliliter portions of ethylacetate. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate,and vacuum stripped (80° C., 5 mmHg) leaving a light brown, viscousliquid (18.0 grams, 84.9% theoretical) which solidified to a waxy solidupon standing at room temperature. The ¹ H and ¹³ C NMR spectral dataare consistent with the structure of 3,5-dinitro-p-hydroxymethyltoluene(9). ##STR9##

EXAMPLE 8 Synthesis of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Hydroxymethyl-4'-Methoxystilbene

A solution of 2,6-dinitro-4-hydroxymethyltoluene (9) from Example 7 (3grams ) and hexamethyldisilazane (2.28 grams) in n-butyl acetate (20grams) was combined with p-anisaldehyde (1.92 grams) and piperidine(0.384 gram) and the mixture was heated to reflux under a N₂ blanket for14 hours The reaction was cooled, concentrated in vacuo and the crudeproduct analyzed by ¹ H NMR to reveal the characteristic AB splittingpattern of the stilbene protons. The product was confirmed by comparisonto an authentic sample prepared according to Example 9 using thin layerchromatography and NMR techniques, confirming the presence of structure(10) ##STR10##

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of 2,6-Dinitro-4-Hydroxymethyl-4'-Methoxystilbenefrom 2,6-Dinitro-4-Carbomethoxy-4'-Methoxystilbene

A mixture of 2,6-dinitro-4-carbomethoxy-4'-methoxystilbene (4) (1 gram)and dichloromethane (20 milliliters) was cooled to -78° C. A toluenesolution of diisobutylaluminium hydride (8.37 milliliters) was added andthe reaction allowed to warm up to -5° C. over 2 hours. The reaction wasquenched with water, diluted with dichloromethane, and the organic layerconcentrated in vacuo to yield 0.9 grams of crude product (11) asdetermined by thin layer chromatography (CH2C12 as eluent, silica gel,R_(f) =0.5). ##STR11##

Polymers

Dinitro diol monomers (8) may be copolymerized with a wide variety ofcomonomers to produce polymers having the photoactive dinitro groups. Apolyurethane can be prepared by the reaction of a diisocyanate withdinitro diol (8) to generate compounds with structure (12): ##STR12##where n is 1 to infinity and R is the residue of the isocyanate. Example10 illustrates such a reaction.

Polyesters such as (13) may be produced by condensation of sebacoylchloride with dinitro diol (8) as illustrated in Example 14. ##STR13##where n is 1 to infinity, and R is the residue of the sebacoyl chlorideor any other acid residue.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of Photoreactive Polyurethane (A)

TMXDI® meta-tetramethylxylenediisocyanate from American Cyanamid (18.36grams) was added dropwise to a 50° C. solution of2,6-dinitrobenzene-1,4-dimethanol (8) (8.94 grams),N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (0.06 grams), and dibutyltin dilaurate (0.06grams) in methyl isobutyl ketone (24.0 grams). The reaction was held for1.5 hours at 60° C. to reach an isocyanate equivalent weight of 703. Asolution of PPG 425 (polypropylene glycol, 425 mol. wt., 15.80 grams)and methyl isobutyl ketone (4.00 grams) was then added dropwise over 1hour, and the reaction held for an additional 6 hours. A trace ofisocyanate remained by infrared spectroscopy so 2 drops of2-butoxyethanol were added to quench the remaining isocyanate. Thepolyurethane was isolated at room temperature and had a solids contentof 67.0%.

EXAMPLE 11 Preparation of Epoxy-Amine Polymer (B)

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (446.69 grams) and bisphenol A diol (181.15grams) were heated to 110° C. in methyl isobutyl ketone (40.00 grams).Ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide (0.55 grams) was added and the mixtureallowed to exotherm to 167° C. and then held at 160° C. for one hour.The reaction mixture was cooled to 110° C. and methyl isobutyl ketone(67 grams) was added to reduce viscosity. A mixture of dibutylamine(24.25 grams) and 2-(methylamino)ethanol (42.25 grams) was added andrinsed into the reactor with methyl isobutyl ketone (15.00 grams). Afterthree hours the resin was cooled to room temperature and retained forlater use. The resin was 92.2% solids.

EXAMPLE 12 Cationic Dispersion of Photoreactive Polyurethane (A) andEpoxy-Amine Polymer (B)

Polyurethane A of Example 10 (52.8 grams), epoxy-amine B of Example 11(46.9 grams), 2-butoxyethanol (4.00 gram), and lactic acid (85%, 3.00gram) were charged to a dispersion vessel. Deionized water (684 grams)was added slowly at a high stir rate to convert the resins to an aqueousdispersion. The residual methyl isobutyl ketone was stripped off byadding 100 grams of deionized water and stripping off 100 grams ofvolatiles under vacuum. The resulting dispersion had a particle size of3970 angstroms and a solids content of 9.3%.

EXAMPLE 13 electrodeposition of an Epoxy-Amine/Urethane Dispersion

An epoxy-amine/urethane dispersion, from Example 12 (9.3% solids), wasfiltered through a 400 mesh nylon filter (38.1 micron sieve size). Thedispersion was heated to 100° F. (38° C.) with constant stirring.2-Butoxyethanol (10.0 grams) and 2-hexyloxyethanol (6.0 grams) wereadded. The resin was reduced to 5% solids with deionized water andplaced into a cationic electrodeposition bath. A copper clad laminatesubstrate having 1/2 oz. copper per square foot (0.105 gram per squarecentimeter) was pre-cleaned with a detergent solution, followed byrinsing with deionized water and drying. The board was attached to acathode, lowered into the electrodeposition bath (100° F., 38° C.), andcurrent (80 volts) was applied for 90 seconds. A dehydration bake of135° C. for 3 minutes yielded 0.26 mil (0.007 millimeter) film build.Voltages ranging from 40 to 110 volts generated film builds from 0.24mil (0.006 millimeter) to 0.64 mil (0.016 millimeter). The resist wasexposed to UV light through a Mylar photomask on an ORC Model HMW-532DUV exposure unit. The presence of the Mylar mask substantially filteredwavelengths below about 315 nanometers. The exposed board was thendipped into a developer consisting of 2.5% lactic acid (85% in water)and 2.5% 2-butoxyethanol in deionized water heated to 88° F. (31 ° C.)with constant stirring. Development times to remove the photoexposedareas varied with a lower energy photoexposure (150 mJ/cm²) requiring adevelopment time of 2 minutes 20 seconds, and a higher energy (600mJ/cm²) requiring 1 minute 40 seconds development time.

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation of Photoreactive Polyester

This example illustrates the use of dinitro diol to produce photoactivepolyester polymer. Sebacoyl chloride (5.20 grams) was added dropwise toa solution of 2,6-dinitrobenzene-1,4-dimethanol, structure (8) (4.89grams) and triethylamine (4.15 grams) in tetrahydrofuran (20.00 grams)at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 30minutes then cooled to room temperature and filtered to removeprecipitated salts. The salts were rinsed with n-butyl acetate. Theresin had a solids of 21.4% and structure (13).

EXAMPLE 15 Photoexposure and Development of the Photoreactive Polyester

This example illustrates development of the photoreactive polyester ofExample 14. The polyester from Example 14 was drawn down neat with a #20wire (0.508 millimeter wire diameter) wound drawdown bar ontopre-cleaned, laminated substrate having 1/2 oz. copper per square foot(0.105 gram per square centimeter), allowed to flash for 10 minutes, andthen baked for 3 minutes at 135° C. The post-baked film remainedslightly tacky. The resist was exposed through a Mylar photomask with UVlight of 424 mJ/cm² energy. An aqueous base developer (2% sodiummeta-silicate pentahydrate in deionized water) at 105° F. (40.5° C.)dissolved the photoexposed resist to the copper in 16 minutes with theunexposed film remaining intact.

EXAMPLE 16 Photoexposure and Development of the Photoreactive Polyesterwith an Acid Functional Copolymer

A copolymer of dimethyl maleate and undecylenic acid was synthesized asfollows. Dimethyl maleate (216.0 grams) and undecylenic acid (184.0grams) were charged to a reaction vessel equipped with a mechanicalstirrer, thermocouple, condenser, and nitrogen inlet. The mixture washeated to 125° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and di-tert-amyl peroxide(8.7 grams) was added via addition funnel over 30 minutes with noexotherm. The reaction was maintained at 125° C. for 11 hours and wasthen vacuum stripped at 210° C. to remove any unreacted monomers. Thecontents were cooled, and n-propanol (150 grams) was added to achieve aGardner-Holdt viscosity of W-X. The resulting yellow resin was measuredat 69.5% total nonvolatiles (110° C., 60 minutes), with an acid value of95.3.

The copolymer derived from the polyester of Example 14 was blended withthe copolymer derived from dimethyl maleate and undecylenic aciddescribed above in a ratio of 55% copolymer to 45% polyester. A #20 wire(0.508 millimeter wire diameter) wound drawdown bar was used to coat theresin on a laminated substrate having 1/2 oz. copper per square foot(0.105 gram per square centimeter), then baked 3 minutes at 135° C.after a 10 minute flash time. The baked, unexposed film was tacky, butafter exposure to UV radiation, exposed areas were dissolved readilyusing the same developer described in Example 15, and the unexposedareas remained unaffected.

The invention has been described with reference to particularembodiments for the sake of providing the best mode of carrying out theinvention, but it should be understood that other alternatives andvariations known to those of skill in the art may be resorted to withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims whichfollow.

We claim:
 1. Dinitrocarbomethoxybenzaldehyde having the structure##STR14##